The action-centric perspective is a label given to a collection of interrelated concepts, which are antithetical to the rational model. It posits that: In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers alternate between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e.,

defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The evaluation process may lead to further moves in the design.

The concept of the design cycle is understood as a circular time structure,A design approach is a general philosophy that may or may not include a guide for specific methods.

Some are to guide the overall goal of the design. Other approaches are to guide the tendencies of the designer. A combination of approaches may be used if they don't conflict.